Sumatra : Nias, Hinako, Batu, Island Map and Info

Nias Island Info
Info

A small island, 130 km long and 45 km wide, Nias lying just 125 km off Sumatra's west coast, administratively belonged to the North Sumatra, province. Like any other western isiand off Sumatra, Nias stands quite apart. Its rugged terrain, malarial climate and warlike population having served to isolate from the mainstream of Sumatran culture for many centuries. As a result, Nias never experienced the dramatic influx of Indian, Islam and Eur opean cultural influences to the degree these were felt in other areas. The islands's inhabitants have instead followed their own line of development, building on an earlier Austronesian sub-strata of culture which they hold in common with other Indonesian peoples. Today they are best known for their spectacular tribal art and architecture, a uniqye style that has fascinated generations of scholars and collectors. Not much is known about the island's prehistory which is a pity, since the inhabitants have been working in durable stone and bronze for a very long time. Indigenous oral histories agree on one point, that Nias culture -originated in the GomGRiver area in the central part of the island. Here the gods descended and begat the human race, and the Nias People today refer themselves as ono wha or 'children of the people. The Dutch assurned control of Nias in 1825, at first continuing the slave trade, thanks to its earlier firnes, Nias became known as a popular and plentiful source of slaves.
Early attempts were made in the 1830s to Christianize the island, with little suc­cess. But the arrival in 1865 of German Rhenish missionaries from Barmen marked the beginning of a major change in Nias society. Within a few years the entire north­em part of the island had been converted. Central and South Nias later succumbed not to the Bible but to brutal policing. Beginning of 1909, feligious art was clestroyed or confis­cated. in large quantities in South Nias.
Nias society is strictly hierarchic. The nobility (si'uIu or salawa, 'that which is high') do not intemarry with commoners (the sato or sihono, literally 'the thousands') and have certain special previleges. Slaves (sawuyu or harakana) were formerly important as servants and as trade items. They were not considered to be human and therefore had to live outside the village areas. The island's three culture areas (North, Central and South Nias) now show great differences in language, art and custom. But from a Nias point of view the distinctions are much greater than this, as each region is subdivided into numerous village groups according totheir lineages. To the ono-niha, culture is thus defined on a village level and each village has itsown variations in art and custom.
During the Dutch colonial period Gunungsitoli was the center of Dutch ad­ministration and base for early German missionaries. Now,busy air traffic,, in midyear wher surfers from many coun­tries around the world coming to the Lagundri Beach in South Nias every day there are more than one flights connecting Med­an and Gunungsitoli.
The overland distance between Gunungsitoli and Teluk Dalam, which is around 120 km, can be reached through asphalted road by four wheeled minibuses in 4 hours. The island's most spectacular area, is the South and its most important village is Bawornataluo, with a massive flight of stairs at the main entrance. It was built in 1888 following the Dutch attacks of 1863. Below it stands the newer village of Orahili .
Bawomataluo literally means 'sun­mountain' and in front of the omo sebua is circular flagstone known as the fuso newali or 'village navel.' Close examination reveals a worn circular pattem on it representing the sun.
Smaller but still impressive omo sebua can be found in the villages of Onohondro, Hilinawalo and Hilinawalo Mazingo. The first two are not far from Bawomataluo but the third is quite some distance. None should-be attempted unles you are in good physical shape.
Both Onohondro and Hifinawalo played an important role in an ancient renewal ceremony in which a figure of. a giant figure representing the ruler was car­ried on a high platform and,then thrown into the Gorno River. This river, named after the one in Central Nias, is near Onohondro and links the inhabitants to their roots in Central Nias. Afterward, the ruler carried on as usual until the -next such ceremony was held, 7 or 14 years later.
The ceremony was outlawed by the missionaries in 1912, but has been revived to celebrate Inclonesia's independence day or to welcome high clignitaries. Among the strong point of Nias is its most beautiful beach of Lagundri, now very popular among surfers from more than 30 countries in the world. Stone jumping and war clance are usually performed to welcome honorable guests, including tourists.

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Sumatra : Lampung, Nature Reserves

Lampung, Nature Reserves, Mining, Plantaions, Golf and tribes

lampung , sumatra , mining, natural resources, plantations, nature reserves, tribes, bandar lampung,

Golf Courses

Padang Golf Sukarme
LampungPadang Golf Sukarme, golf courses in indonesia, i indonesian, aceh, bali, nusa tenggara, batam, bintan, irian jaya, java,jakarta, kalimantan, krakatoa, sulawesi,sumatra, surabaya, bogor, bandung, surakarta, yogyakarta, far east, golf, golf clubs, golf club, golf courses, golf course database, golf course, golf course guide, golf course directory, golf,course information, address, places to play, where can I play, visitor, visitors
Padang Golf Sukarme
Address :
Padang Golf Sukarme
Lampung, South Sumatra
Telephone (0721) 745 79
Website N/A
Email N/A
Holes 18
Length N/A
Par 72
Visitors Open all year round.
Max Hand. Men/Women: 36
Green Fees
N/A
Facilities N/A

South Sumatra 3

Pendopo Golf Club
Address :
Pendopo Golf Club
Komp. Pertamina Pendopo Jl. Plaju No 38, Muara Enim, Palembang, South Sumatera
Telephone 62-713-390448
Fax 62-713-390446
Website N/A
Email pdgc-golf@pertamina-dohsbs.com
Holes 18
Yardage N/A
Par 71
Green Fees
N/A
Course Designer Ex dari PT. Stanvac Indonesia
1972
Facilities:
Club House, Locker/Shower Rooms, Driving Range.

Perkumpulan Golf Prabumulih
Address :
Perkumpulan Golf Prabumulih (PGP)
Jl. Teratai 119, Komperta Prabumulih, Palembang
South Sumatra
Telephone 62-713-320112 / 62-711-592698
Fax 62-713-320860/3
Website N/A
Email N/A
Holes 18
Yardage 5976
Par 70
Green Fees A
Course Designer N/A
1970
Facilities
. Club House, Coffee Shop, Pro Shop, Locker/Shower Rooms, Golf Clubs for hire, Driving Range.
. Swimming-Pool, Tennis Court.

Lampung-6 Tribes

Lampung, Tribes, lampung api,kaur,lampung nyo, haji, Sungkai

sumatra, lampung, tribe, suku
Komering Tribe 1.509.000 Islam

The majority of the Komering (pronounced KO-mer-ing) people live in the southeastern part of the island of Sumatera. They get their name from the Komering River, upon which so much of their livelihood depends. The Komering consist of two main groups. The Komering Ilir live in Tanjung Lubuk District around the city of Kayu Agung in the regency of Ogan Komering Ilir. The Komering Ulu live in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency in the districts of Cempaka, Buay Madang, Belitang, Simpang, Martapura, and in the municipality of Baturaja. The Komering language has characteristics that are slightly different from the Melayu (Malay) language cluster to which it is related.They are closely related to the neighboring Lampung people groups. The first language of the Komering is called Bahasa Komering, but the national language, Bahasa Indonesia, is taught in the schools.
The main source of livelihood for the Komering is rice farming, using both irrigated and unirrigated methods. In addition to rice, they also raise secondary crops of fruits and vegetables. They usually have a few cattle, goats, chickens, ducks, and also catch fish from the river. In several areas, they mine raw materials such as oil, gold, nickel, diamonds, uranium, and coal. From the forests they harvest timber, resin, and rattan.The majority of Komering houses are located along the Komering River, so the houses are built atop tall wooden stilts to protect against flooding. The houses are made of wood or bamboo with tile or palm leaf roofs and consist of one bedroom and one large family room. In the past, a Kerio (village headman) was responsible for managing and overseeing the growth of the village. A person known as the Kermit functioned as a town herald, spreading the local news to each member as he walked through the village. Kinship is usually patrilineal (tracing descent from the father). While traditional law follows the patrilocal pattern. This means that the wife lives with the husband's family, a tradition that in the Komering language is called ngalaki.Additionally, ngakuk anak marriages are also common. In this pattern, they follow the matrilineal (tracing descent from the mother) system and the husband lives with the wife's family (matrilocal). Male children are considered descendants of the wife, so this pattern is quite common if the wife's family has no male children.
Besides the teachings of Islam, which has a strong influence on their culture, the Komering also have strong beliefs in superstitions and spirits. They often call a dukun (shaman/healer/occultist) to heal the sick or cast out demons. Their effort to balance their Islamic and animistic beliefs can be seen in the proverb: "adat bersendikan syarak dan syarak bersendikan Kitabullah" (Tradition is centered upon canon law and canon law is centered on Qur'an (the Islamic Holy Book).
Abung Tribe 737.000 Islam
The Lampung Abung people originated in the districts of Kayu Agung and Mesuji in Ogan Komering Ilir Regency and now lampung-abungare spread along the northeastern coast of Lampung Province. They are bordered on the north by the Tulang Bawang River, to the west by the border between North Lampung and West Lampung districts, to the south by the Sunda Strait, and to the east by the Jawa (Java) Sea.Although often identified as a single "Lampung people," the Lampung cluster of peoples consists of three main people groups: Abung, Peminggir, and Pubian. The Lampung Abung people are known as mountain dwellers and have a unique history as headhunters. Their language of Abung is a branch of the Melayu (Malay) language cluster and is similar to the Melayu Riau language.
The majority of Lampung Abung make their living as rice farmers. After they harvest the rice, the best fields are then used to plant pepper (ladar). These small pepper plantations are productive for 20-25 years. Pepper crops are usually sold and the money is used for a big and expensive ritual celebration known as pesta pepadon, to mark the beginning of the rice-planting season. The other important source of livelihood for the Lampung Abung is fishing, especially in the swampy areas near Tulang Bawang where rice farming is nearly impossible.The Lampung Abung live in traditional communities known as tiuh, in which each clan has its own permanent house. Typically, these clan houses have only a few older members of the clan living in them while the younger adults with children live in seasonal settlements known as umbulan. Usually, ten clans are grouped into one village. The leader of each clan is known as the penyimbang (advisor). This position is inherited, being passed down to the eldest male child. The Lampung Abung families are grouped according to the patrilineal (tracing descent from the father) system. After the wedding, the newlywed couple lives near the man's family. Polygamy is allowed, but is only practiced by the rich. Marriage between immediate family members as well as cousins is forbidden. According to tradition, divorce is not allowed. However, if a wife leaves her husband, the husband's family must pay a fine to the community elders.
Currently, every Lampung Abung is theoretically a Muslim, as is every other Lampung person. The influence of Islam can be seen in everyday life. Religious themes with an element of Melayu culture can be seen in a growing number of art objects. One of the art forms is called tari tigel. This ancient war dance is accompanied by the ritual sacrifice of a water buffalo to be eaten at a big celebration. Besides the teachings of Islam, the Lampung Abung also have strong beliefs in superstitions and spirits. They often call a dukun (shaman/healer/occultist) to heal the sick or cast out demons
Krui Tribe 32.000 Islam
The Lampung Krui (or Kroe) are a small sub-group who are closely related to the Komering, a larger people group in the Lampung cluster. The Lampung Krui and Komering are sometimes considered as one group called the Njo people. Most of the Lampung Krui live in and around the towns of Krui, Sanggi, and Kotajawa on the southwest coast of Sumatera, the world's fifth largest island.Sumatera is an island rich in natural resources, such as minerals, oil, and forest products. However, most of the land consists of thick forests, swamps, and volcanic mountains with many obstacles for transportation and communication.
The land where the Lampung Krui live is flat and swampy. This type of land is very suitable for rice farming. Most of the Lampung Krui earn a living as farmers and small traders. Their crops are mainly sold at local markets or shops. Their lives are difficult and their incomes are low. Many children are forced to drop out of school to help supplement the family income.Lampung Krui houses usually consist of two main rooms. The first room serves as a bedroom while the second, which is larger, is used as a place to receive guests or for family gatherings. The walls and floor are constructed of wood and bamboo. The roof is clay tile or woven palm leaves.The father is the head of the family and may have more than one wife. Nevertheless, seldom does a man have more than one wife due to economic obligations. It is the wife's responsibility to manage the home and the children. In addition, Lampung Krui women also work in the rice fields.
The overwhelming majority of Lampung Krui embrace Islam, which has a tremendous influence on their culture. Followers of Islam believe they will be judged on their knowledge of the Qu'ran, their sacred book, as well as what they did with their lives. Some are devoutly religious people who say their prayers five times daily. Besides the teachings of Islam and its strong influence on their culture, the Krui also have strong beliefs and accompanying practices concerning the powers of spirits. These beliefs influence various facets of their lives. Some believe whistling in a house at night can invite evil spirits. Also, there is the belief that traveling on your birthday is bad luck. Many Lampung Krui wear amulets with verses from the Qur'an (Islamic Holy Book) written on them. Belief in the powers of dukun (shaman/healer/occultist) is still very strong. The dukun is usually called to heal the sick or cast out evil spirits. Because of their fear of evil spirits, the Lampung Krui try to live good lives so as to be careful not to become the targets for the anger of the evil spirits.
Peminggir Tribe 632.000 Islam
The Lampung Peminggir (coastal Lampung) live in the province of Lampung, the southernmost province on the island of Lampung-PeminggirSumatera. The people groups in the Lampung cluster can be classified according to geography, language, or culture. The three geographical groupings are the Abung, who are mountain dwellers, the Pubian, who live in the eastern part of the province, and the Peminggir, who live along the southern coast. The Lampung Peminggir people are divided into four sub-goups, namely the: 1) Peminggir Melinting Rajabasa in the area of Labuhan Meringgai and around Rajabasa Kalianda; 2) Peminggir Teluk in the area of Telukbetung; 3) Peminggir Skala Brak in the area of Liwa, Kenali, Pesisir Tengah, Pesisir Utara, and Pesisir Selatan; and 4) Peminggir Semangka in the area of Cukuh Balak, Talangpadang, Kotaagung, and Wonosobo.
The Lampung Peminggir are farmers growing labor-intensive crops such as pepper, chocolate, and durian ("stinky" fruit with a thick, spiky shell). The Lampung Peminggir settlement patterns vary from crowded villages to widely spread out villages. Each village has a papanca, which is a place to rest or meditate that may be used by all the people.The Lampung Peminggir have two systems of community organization, namely the Pepadun and the Saibatin. In the Saibatin system, the leader is called the Penyimbang Sebatin, and he is given the honorary title of Batin (King). Other members of this system are called the children of the Sebatin. In the Pepadun, several families from one ancestor live in one village, called a tiyuh, anek, or pekon. The village leader (Penyimbang Tiyuh) also serves as the leader of their traditional law and customs. Several villages may join together to form one larger group (buay or kabuayan). This larger group lives in an area known as a marga, mergo, or mego. Their leader is called the Penyimbang Marga. One of their key principles is that of Pi-il Pesenggiri, which means "guarding one's dignity above all else." They usually live a simple life, yet they love to receive honor or praise. They typically do not hesitate to spend huge sums on ritual celebrations. The Lampung Peminggir use honorific titles known as juluk. Upon marriage, men receive a title known as Adok and for women it is Inai.
As a result of Islamic traders from the Middle East, Islam made its way into Sumatera by the end of the thirteenth century. Islamic influence weakened the culture, and local chiefs eventually lost their titles and power. The Lampung Peminggir are followers of Sunni Shafi'i Islam, which they consider stricter Islam than the Maliki, Ambali, and Hanafi subgroups of Sunni Islam. Even so, there are still those who believe that the power obtained at several graveyards is sacred, like the sacred well of Pitu. They also often place symbols, such as the cross with betel-nut chalk above the door, window, or other entrances to the house. They believe that this symbol can ward off evil spirits such as the kuntilanak, especially when there is a woman advanced in her pregnancy in the home.
Pubian Tribe 526.000 Islam
The term Lampung is often applied to all those living in the Lampung province. However, there are actually several people groups, each with their own history and culture. The three main groups are the Abung, Peminggir, and Pubian.The Lampung Pubian live in the regency of Central Lampung. Their villages are scattered throughout the lowlands to the east. For centuries they were forced to avoid the Abung people, who forbade them to cross the border between them. Now the Lampung Pubian have assimilated with the original inhabitants and live in a small area within the Central Lampung district.The daily language is Pubian, a dialect very similar to the Pesisir dialect. During the past twenty years, the Indonesian government has forcibly relocated three million Jawa people to the area, and as a result of these changes, the indigenous peoples of this area are experiencing much bitterness and unrest.
Lampung Pubian villages are permanent settlements following a traditional community pattern. Every clan has a permanent house, but the clan house typically houses only a few of the clan elders. Most of the working adults and children live in seasonal housing settlements (umbulan). Wood houses on stilts that encircle one administrative building, known as a sesat, characterize Lampung Pubian villages. The sesat usually is a building with one large room, which is partitioned into several small sections for members of various groups. A single village can be inhabited by up to 3,000 inhabitants, with about 100 clan houses. In addition, each village has a house used specifically for traditional ceremonies. The entire community participates in carrying out traditional ceremonies.In an area ruled by one village, each member of the village may clear new land. The clans own the traditional ceremony house and the cultivated land, including the pepper plantations. Rules concerning ownership are determined according to traditional law. A council of elders, composed of the clan headmen, serves as the court to settle any disputes regarding land ownership. In the interior regions of Lampung, the Lampung Pubian cultivate a type of rice called gogoranca, which grows in dry fields. Usually after one harvest, pepper is planted which provides a good income for them. In addition, the income from the pepper crop enables the Lampung Pubian to hold a traditional celebration known as pepadon. Fishing predominates in the swamp areas. They also raise water buffaloes, cattle, goats, chickens, and ducks.
As a result of contact with Muslim traders, Islam entered Sumatera near the end of the 13th century. The influence of Islam weakened the local culture and one result was that the area headman lost his position and power. At the present time, the majority of Lampung Pubian are strict Sunni Shafi'i Muslims

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Sumatra : Jambi, Nature Reserves

Jambi, sumatra , mining, natural resources,
plantations, nature reserves, tribes,

Golf Courses

Manggris Golf Club
Jl. Pramuka No.1 Bajubang, Jambi, Indonesia

Jambi 5 Tribes

Jambi, Tribes, kubu, kerinci, malay, minangkabau, batin,


Batin Tribe 76.000 Islam
The Batin people inhabit a portion of the interior of the Jambi province. Their rumah panggung (stilt-house), rural communities and small district towns of Bangko, Tabir, Jangkat, Sungai Manau, Muara Bungo, and Rantau Pandan are located in the Sarolangun Bangko and Bungo Tebo regencies. This area borders one of the most treacherous sections of the rugged Bukit Barisan (Marching Hills) mountain range. Temperatures are cool in the western hills, but in the valleys to the east,they are humid and hot. Three rivers provide inter-village concourse: Batang Merangin, Batang Bungo, and Batang Masumai. Besides the Batin, this area is inhabited by the the Kubu, Jambi, and Kerinci. According to their folklore, the ancestors of the Batin were Kerinci people that moved from the foot of Mount Kerinci. The Batin language is a branch of the Melayu (Malay) language cluster, and it is very similar to the Jambi language.
The Batin like to move from place to place, and they value community cooperation (gotong royong). This cooperative attitude is often seen in relationships between two villages, as typically the relationship between the village heads is very good. The main sources of livelihood for the Batin include farming, plantation work, gathering forest products, panning for gold, and fishing. Their fields are called umo talang, and they plant rice, rubber, coffee, and other crops.The Batin culture is apparently a blend of elements from the Minangkabau and Jambi cultures. Like the Minangkabau, the kinship system of the Batin is from the mother's side (matrilineal). But the men still have a role as the head of the household. In addition to the public school system, there are also special Islamic religious schools (madrasah). Each extended family (piak) is lead by an elder (ninik mamak). The various ninik mamak in a village (dusun) pick a leader who is titled Rio. In each family the preparation for building a new house begins at the birth of a girl. This house is usually built as a 9x12 meter structure complete with storage for the harvest and a place for family heirlooms. Houses are often adorned with carvings of plants and animals. Traditional houses like this are usually referred to by the term Kajang Lako.
Almost all of the Batin embrace Islam. Even though that is true, there is still belief in traditional animism, magical powers, and idols. The area of Negeri Serampas, for example, is known for having residents who possess magical powers. Here are found the sacred graves of two legendary figures named Si Mata Empat (Four Eyes) and Si Pahit Lidah (Bitter Tongue). It is believed these two legendary women passed on their magical or supernatural character to the Batin people.
Kerinci Tribe 383.000 Islam
Originally from the eastern coast of Sumatera, the Kerinci fled from local Muslim Sultanates in an ancient war and moved into their existing homeland high in the Bukit Barisan Mountains near Mount Kerinci in West Sumatera and Lake Kerinci in Jambi. Although the highlands present challenges for living, intensive agriculture coupled with fishing has been sufficient to sustain sizeable indigenous populations. The Kerinci have been able to resist assimilation with the stronger lowland peoples. They have managed to not only survive but to grow enriched by what they have borrowed from the coastal cultures, but in each case absorbing and reshaping according to their indigenous ethos without losing their own ethnic identity. Today, their isolation is being broken by government-sponsored mass relocations of Jawa, Sunda, and Bali people for plantation projects on their rich soil. In addition, a world-class national park is being developed by the World Wildlife Fund to preserve the rain forest, flora, and fauna. This will draw even more outsiders into this remote area.
Most of the Kerinci are farmers. Other than their main crop of rice (grown in both irrigated and unirrigated fields), they also grow potatoes, vegetables, and tobacco. Those who live around the base of the mountains are nomadic farmers. These nomadic farmers grow coffee, cinnamon, and cloves. The primary crops harvested from the jungle are resin and rattan. Most of the people living near Lake Kerinci and some other small lakes are fishermen. Their village homes are built very close together. A village is called a dusun and is inhabited by one clan that has descended from one common female ancestor. In a dusun there are always several long-houses, which are built side by side along the road. The nuclear family is called a tumbi. Once a man marries, he moves out of his family's home and moves in with his new wife's family. Normally, if a daughter is married, she is given a new small house attached to the house of her parents. In turn, her daughters will be given houses attached to her house. A mother's clan is called the kelbu. This kelbu is considered the most important family unit among the Kerinci people. Even though the Kerinci people are matrilineal, the nuclear family is led by the husband, not the wife's brother (as is common to other matrilineal groups, including the Minang). The mother's brother avoids involvement in clan issues and only gets involved in problems with his sister's immediate family. Inheritance is given to the daughters in the family.
Islam is the majority religion of the Kerinci, but they still hold to animism, especially as it is exhibited by their use of traditional healers and magic to bless their crops. Moreover, in their everyday life they often refer to tataman (meeting ghosts), tatampo (being hit by ghosts), and tapijek anaok antau (being stepped on by ghosts).
Kubu Tribe 13.000 Animism
Spread across Jambi, Riau and south Sumatra, eastern swamp region. Alternate names: Anak Dalam, Orang Rimba, Orang Hutan. Dialects: Lalang, Bajat, Ulu Lako, Tungkal, Tungkal Ilir, Dawas, Supat, Jambi, Ridan, Nomadic Kubu. Related to Lubu [lcf].The Kubu live on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. They are believed to be the descendants of a pygmy race of wandering Negrito people. The first Kubu settlement was located on the Lalan River. Today, they live primarily in the Jambi province.Legend says that the coast of Sumatra was regularly visited by pirates and their families. It once happened that one of the pirates committed incest with his sister, causing her to become pregnant. Condemned by the pirates, the pair were abandoned in the coastal brush of Sumatra. The Kubu are the descendants of this couple.
The name "Kubu" comes from the word Ngumbu which means "elusive." This belittling name was given to them to suggest that they are a primitive people because they eat unclean foods, do not live in houses, and do not like to bathe. The Kubu, however, prefer to call themselves the Orang Darat, which means "land dweller" or "river dweller."The Kubu are forest dwellers found primarily in swampy areas near various rivers. Most are involved in the farming of yams, maize, rice, and sugar cane. Since the Kubu are not hard workers, their fields are poorly kept. Jungle produce and small game provide much of the food. Their basic diet consists of wild pigs, fish, monkeys, bananas, and yams.The Kubu are found most frequently in settled villages called sirups. Their houses are built on platforms without any walls, and are made with bamboo and leaves. Usually three to five houses form a village. An older person serves as chief, but has no real authority.Every Kubu has a name; but this name is only known by members of the same sirup. People of other villages are simply referred to as "people of this or that little river." The villagers of one settlement rarely come into contact with those of another, since there are no feasts, "coming of age" ceremonies, or other community gatherings.The little contact they do have with their Malay neighbors has traditionally been through silent trade. The Kubu would take their goods to a place where Malay traders could look at them. The traders would then place the goods that they were willing to exchange nearby, then withdraw to a safe distance. If the deal was satisfactory, the Kubu would take what was offered and vanish back into the brush.
Along with the tradition and simplicity of their material culture, the Kubu are also lacking in social and religious development. Musical instruments of any kind and dancing are unknown to them.Although the Kuba are considered to be Muslim, they still practice various animistic rituals, such as curing ceremonies. (Animism is the belief that inanimate objects have spirits.) Their witchdoctors, called shamans, make offerings to the spirits for them.
Melayu Jambi Tribe 976.000
Jambi Province. Alternate names: Djambi, Batin. Dialects: Downstream Jambi Malay, Upstream Jambi Malay.The Jambi people (also known as the Melayu Jambi - i.e. Jambi Malay) primarily live in four of the six districts that comprise the Jambi Province of central Sumatera. These districts are Tanjungjabung, Batanghari, Bungo-Tebo, and the capital city of Jambi. The Jambi language is a branch of the Melayu (Malay) language cluster. Their culture is greatly influenced by the Minangkabau culture.Most of the area the Jambi inhabit is a lowland basin of dense jungles, peat bogs, swamps, and rivers--all drained by the mighty Batang Hari River (655 km. long) and its tributaries. The rivers are important to them not only as a means of transportation but as a source of fish. They are adept swimmers and fishermen. They use eight types of traditional fishing tackle, as well as the modern pukat (fishnet). They are great eaters of ikan (fish) and complain that a meal is incomplete without its distinctive flavor.
Most of the Jambi make their living by fishing. For catching fish they use different types of traps ranging from the traditional to the modern. Some of the types of fish they catch are: ringau, kelemak, toman, pati, baung, juaro, bujuk, seluang, gabus, betok, and serapil. In addition to fishing, farming and plantation work are important occupations for the Jambi people.The Jambi are proud of their status as descendants of an ancient Melayu kingdom that dates back to the 7th century. This pride, in fact, has threatened their economic development due to their unwillingness to accept modernization. This is evident as transmigrants from other parts of Indonesia are better off economically than most of the Jambi themselves. Travel between neighboring rural villages is more often done by river than by land. This is due to the Jambi mainly living in thick jungle areas with wide marshes, making land travel very difficult. The Jambi have many different kinds of ceremonies and rituals, which they celebrate at special occasions. These would include: birth of a child, naming a child, first hair cut, ear piercing for two-year old girls, and circumcision for sons between six and ten years old. When the children come of age, (15 year old girls and 17 year old boys), there is a ceremony to file their teeth as a symbol of their adulthood. Almost all of the Jambi are Muslims. All villages have a mesjid (mosque) or langar (prayer house) with many having a madrasah (Islamic school). For the Jambi, all principles and guidelines governing human life have been passed down from their ancestors, who in turn received them from the official Islamic written sources of revealed truth, the Qur'an (Islamic Holy Book) and the Hadith (guidelines for faith and practice derived from the Prophet Muhammad's life). They also believe that religious leaders, dwarfs, and dukun (shaman/healer/occultist) possess supernatural powers.
Penghulu Tribe 27.000 Islam
The Penghulu tribe is one of the ethnic groups, which is regarded as the "original inhabitants" of the Jambi province on the Indonesian island of Sumatera. They primarily live in the districts of Sungai Manau, Batang Asai, and Ulu Tabir in the regency of Sarolangun Bangko in the province of Jambi. Some also live in Bungo Tebo Regency. This group reportedly migrated from West Sumatera to Jambi in the 15th century to look for gold. Based on their physical characteristics, it is believed they are the descendants of the "Older Malay" race. They are usually shorter than the vast majority of the other people groups living in the area who are from the "Younger Malay" lineage. In accordance with the area of their origin, their language is a mixture of the Minangkabau and Jambi languages. The main occupation of the Penghulu is cultivating irrigated and unirrigated rice fields. Besides planting rice, they also grow rubber, cinnamon, and coffee. Another means of livelihood is gathering forest products, such as wood and rattan.Some Penghulu people make their living by mining gold using their traditional methods. The main gold mining area is centered on the areas of Sungai Manau and Batang Asai. Handicrafts that are found in this area are mainly woven products, such as woven balls, mats, baskets, bowls, and winnowing baskets. Besides this, they also do metal work making knives, machetes, adzes, and pickaxes.An important custom for the Penghulu people is called, menyerayo (or parian), and refers to mutual assistance in planting, cultivating, and harvesting their fields. Usually, this kind of activity involves almost everyone in the village.The Penghulu usually build their villages with the homes closely grouped together and located along the road or the riverbank. Several villages form a community, which is called a marga. A marga is led by a pasirah. The nuclear family is called a kalbu. A number of kalbu form a family clan, which is led by a Tua Tengganai. A Tua Tengganai has the responsibility of supervising the members of his clan and is responsible for resolving problems that arise among them. Penghulu society is led by a council which is comprised of one respected leader (ninik mamak) from each extended family.
In general the Penghulu are Muslims. Despite this, traditional animistic beliefs are still strong in daily life. They still believe in the power of unseen spirits that inhabit sacred places. Some of the Penghulu still give offerings to improve relationships with the spirits. The services of a dukun (shaman/healer/occultist) are often sought for many purposes, including healing sicknesses and exorcising evil spirits.

Orang Rimba

Indonesia’s future is all about expansion. More power plants, toll roads, coal mines and palm oil plantations bring orang-rimbabusiness, jobs and higher living standards, while contributing to the drive for modernization.

All of that is fine, unless you’re left out — or in the case of a small group of forest dwellers in central Sumatra, fighting a losing battle to prevent your culture from disappearing.

Such is the plight of the Orang Rimba, an indigenous, semi-nomadic tribe in Jambi. Their people number about 3,000, but with rapid conversion of land and rampant deforestation occurring, tribal leaders say they’re being squeezed out of their traditional home and losing their identity.

With the modern ways of the outside world thrust upon them, the Orang Rimba have created a two-faced identity to survive. The Jakarta Globe visited the tribe in its homeland and chronicled its members’ daily battle for food, clean water, proper health care and education for their children — all while trying to maintain ancient traditions.

Orang Rimba are easily recognized by their features and dress, with their long, ruffled hair and loincloths. The women mostly go topless. This ancient attire, nomadic life and lack of hygiene is mocked by outsiders as backward, earning slurs from non-indigenous villagers and transmigrants.

Though fed up with their treatment, the Orang Rimba still try to adjust to the modern world in some ways. Some wear T-shirts and pants, ride motorcycles and own cellphones.

However, more and more of tribe’s younger generation are being drawn toward modern life, even renouncing their animist beliefs and converting to Islam.

“We can’t avoid this, and it’s very likely we will lose this battle,” laments Tumenggung Tarib, a tribal leader.


http://www.explorer-photo.com/photos/main.php?g2_itemId=8474

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Sumatra : Mining, Nature Reserves, Plantations and Tribes

Mining, Nature Reserves, Plantations and Tribes

Golf Courses

Raflesia Golf Club
Jl. Citanduy No.3 Lingkar Barat, Bengkulu, Indonesia

Enggano Island


Enggano Island Info
Enggano lies about 110 miles (177 km) south of Bengkulu city. It is about 22 miles (35 km) long east west and 10 miles (16 km) wide north south. Its average elevation is about 330 feet (100 m). Hills, rising to about 922 feet (281 m), cover most of the area. The island covers an area of 40,260 hectares, which is dominated by dense rainforest with its wild buffaloes. Mainly we can see the culture, or the life manners of traditional society and native's Enggano dances. A pioneer boat at Baai Island Harbour or hiring a small boat at Bintuhan seaport can reach the island. Visitors can see the culture, or the life manners of traditional society and native's Enggano dances.

There are 5 clans Isukul spread over the entire island: The Kaharuba, Kaarubi, Kaitora, Kaahoao and the Kauno. A matrilineal society, descent is traced through the female line and daughters usually inherit farmlands. Half call them Christian, the other half call them Mosleem. But actually this society is one of the last truly animist strongholds in Indonesia. Engganese culture is sure now to disappear as a result of assimilation into an indiscriminate Indonesian culture.

Bengkulu 8 Tribes

Bengkulu, Tribes, pekal, rejang, col, enggano,

Bengkulu Tribe 65.000 Islam
The Bengkulu people live in the city of Bengkulu, the capital of the province of Bengkulu in the southwestern portion of the island of Sumatera. More of the Bengkulu people live in the city than in villages. The Bengkulu people are descended from the union of multiple peoples who have migrated to the area, including the Melayu (Malay), Minangkabau, Aceh, Bugis, Banten and Jawa (Java) peoples. The Bengkulu language is a branch of the Melayu language cluster. Currently, newcomers from other Indonesian people groups live among them, such as the Minangkabau, Bugis and Jawa. Historically, they identified themselves as orang Bangkahulu since the term testifies to a great military victory in which they successfully expelled a superior military force of Aceh invaders.The Bengkulu people's income is based primarily on fishing. They also work as shopkeepers, ship builders, mechanics, building contractors, and government employees as well as nearly every other urban profession.The Bengkulu lineage of descent is bilateral (traced through both parents). The most important family unit is the extended family (rumah tangga sebubungan). This unit consists of the parents and all of their children's families. Brothers are called meghanai and sisters are called kelewai. Members of the extended family are responsible for the activities of the family, which makes them sepangka (bound together). Those bound by marriage relationships are tiang garang.Society is led by a council which is comprised of one respected leader (ninik mamak) from each extended family. Another influential group is called the menengkalak, which is made up of the clan's intellectuals, wealthy individuals and high-ranking government officials. If there is conflict, they try to resolve it by seeking consensus through discussion. Typically, they live in painted wooden houses raised on stilts that have distinctive Bengkulu ornamentation. The staircase is in the front, and the vacant space under the house is usually enclosed. Their arts also are very similar to those found among other Melayu. For instance, they perform various Melayu art forms, such as Dendang Melayu singing, Randai dance, Tari Payung (Umbrella Dance), Tari Lilin (Candle Dance), Tari Piring (Plate Dance), and Tari Saputangan (Handkerchief Dance).
The majority of the Bengkulu people are Muslims. However, they still hold certain traditional ceremonies according to their ancient beliefs. These animistic ceremonies are focused on seeking protection through magic by either appeasing or controlling good and bad spirits. They have a traditional harvest festival called Tabot, which is held on the 1st through the 10th of Muharam (Islamic month) every year. This festival is held to honor the Sea Dragon so that their fisherman will not be harmed while at sea.

Col 145.000 Islam

Interior south Sumatra, Lubuklinggau area and east of Bengkulu; Muaraklingi area, south, east, and north. Alternate names: Cul, Sindang. Dialects: Lembak Delapan, Sindang Kelingi, Beliti; Lubuk Linggau.

Kaur Tribe 60.000 Islam

The Kaur people are one of the original peoples of Bengkulu Province. They originated in Bintu
han in the South Kaur District of South Bengkulu, but today, many live in the North Kaur District. Their district capital is the city of Bintuhan, through which the trans-Sumatera highway passes. They have a language of their own, classified as being part of the Melayu (Malay) language cluster. Kaur villages are mostly grouped along the banks of small rivers found in this area. The Kaur territory lies adjacent to that of the Serawai and Pasemah peoples. Geographically, the Kaur can be differentiated as two subgroups. Those living in the South Kaur District are usually called Bintuhan, and their dialect is greatly influenced by the Lampung people cluster. Those residing in the North Kaur District are influenced by the Pasemah people.
The main Kaur livelihood is rice cultivation. This area is also known for cloves and pepper production. Some of their side enterprises include livestock raising, fishing, and trading. The men work the fields while the women manage the households. Other major crops include peanuts, coffee, coconut, resin, rubber, rattan, sweet potatoes, and various types of fruit-especially banana, mango, pineapple, and many people's favorite, durian. The Kaur live in tin-roofed homes with electricity is available. One distinction is that all the houses are painted blue and white. Traditional kitchen fires are usually used for cooking, and wells are located in the backyards. Also, chickens, ducks, and cattle typically roam freely. Gotong royong is a strong societal custom of cooperation and mutual help practiced by most Kaur. These values are evident in the assistance they offer each other during harvests.The Kaur are not permitted to marry someone from their own clan but may marry a Kaur person from another village. Marriages can take place only after the Perayaan Panen Padi (Rice Harvest Celebration). Generally, ages at the time of marriage are 20 years for the men and 15 or 16 years for the women. If the groom wishes his bride to come live with his family, he must pay the bride's family a dowry. If the groom has to live with his bride's family, her family is obligated to give only a commemorative gift to the groom's family.The older Kaur generation has an average of 13 children per family, but with a current government-sponsored family-planning program, younger families typically have only three children on average.
The Kaur people have been of Sunni Syafi'i Muslims since the 17th century. Like other Melayu, the key intersection of their social and spiritual life is the sedekah, a communal meal held as a religious ritual to celebrate a birth, give thanks for a crop, request rainfall, commemorate a death, and ward off evil spirits. In every village there are at least one or two mosques. Generally, the children attend Islamic schools (madrasah).

Lembak Tribe 174.000

The Lembak People live in the boundary area of the provinces of Bengkulu and South Sumatera. In Bengkulu they are located in the regencies of Rejang Lebong and North Bengkulu as well as in the city Bengkulu. In Bengkulu Province they call themselves "Sindang Kelingi" or "Lembak Sindang Merdeka" (meaning "Free"). The Lembak may have originated from the valley of the Musi-Rawas River in South Sumatera to the east of the city of Lubuklinggau. This area is currently occupied by the Lakitan people. The Lembak moved in the 16th century to secure freedom from their Palembang rulers. Outsiders often call them the Bulang (turban) people. The Lembak language is part of the Melayu (Malay) language cluster. The Lembak people have an indigenous script, called Surat Ulu (Letter of Beginning), which is similar to Rejang and Serawai scripts.
The Lembak people's main livelihood is cultivating rice in irrigated and unirrigated fields. Quite a few men work as rubber tappers on the many rubber plantations in the area. Others run small-scale brick-making factories in rural areas. The women help in the fields and manage the households.The Lembak family system is patriarchal and the lineage of descent is bilateral (traced through both parents). There are three post-marriage patterns for newlyweds. The first is to set up a new, separate household. The second is the bejojoh custom of living with the groom's relatives. The third is the semendo custom of living with the bride's relatives.Lembak homes are raised on stilts and have large rooms. Most homes have a stairway on the side. They typically have more furnishings than the homes of the neighboring Lintang and Rawas peoples. Electricity is available throughout the area, but their cooking fuel is kerosene or wood. The Lembak societal system resembles those of the Rejang and Serawai peoples. Villages join together to form a clan, which is lead by a pasirah (village chief). An official (mangku) and his deputy (penggawa) supervise kepemangkuan (clan districts). They are supported by religious experts, such as imam (Muslim prayer & ceremonial priest) and khatib (mosque preacher).Elements of the Lembak culture include: (among others) the Tari Piring (Plate Dance) and the Tari Pisau (Knife Dance). In addition, there is Dangdut music, which often combines a strong beat with Arabic rhythms and Islamic teachings. The young people are trained in singing, dancing, and Indonesian martial arts.
Most Lembak people today embrace Islam, although a large part of the community still adheres to animistic beliefs. Most believe in the power of unseen spirits inhabiting sacred places. The services of a dukun (shaman/healer/occultist) are often sought for many purposes, including healing the sick and exorcising evil spirits.

Muko muko Tribe 65.000

The Muko-Muko people (also known as Muke-Muke) originate from the districts of North and South Muko-Muko, in the regency of North Bengkulu in southern Sumatera. Their area is located close to the southern border of West Sumatera, just west of Jambi province with the Indian Ocean to the south. Parts of the area are swampland or a brackish mix of fresh and salt water. There are many rivers, the largest of which is the Muko-Muko River. Currently, the Muko-Muko are not as isolated because the government has built a road from Bengkulu to Muko-Muko Rejang. In everyday communication, the Muko-Muko use their own language, which is a mixture of Melayu (Malay) with the Minang and Rejang languages.
Most Muko-Muko people are farmers, fishermen, hunters, day laborers, traders and rattan handicraft makers. Their most distinctive handicraft is crafted flint. In addition, they have community farms, which produce rubber, cloves and coconut oil. Kinship is matrilineal, which means descent and property are passed down to the daughters in the family. This is due to the influence of the neighboring Minangkabau people. The Muko-Muko still use their traditional leadership system. Their villages are governed by a pasirah (village chief) and his assistants. The role of the pasirah is to safeguard stability and harmony according to their cultural customs, as well as to collect taxes and community fees. These community fees can be in the form of padi katulungan, which means working three days per year for the village chief or paying commensurate fees. Other fees are charged for marriage certificates, divorce certificates, peace treaties and paying for permission to court a young woman. The Muko-Muko use the term kaum for a group of families. The kaum is led by the chief (Kepala Kaum Agung) and his assistants (Kepala Kaum Kecil). There are five clans that are still growing: the Delapan clan from the center of their tribal area; the Berenam clan; the Empat Belas ("Seven Ancestors") clan; the Lima Suku clan; and the Gersik Tunggul clan. The most famous aspect of the Muko-Muko culture is the Gandai Dance. This dance is a characteristic Melayu dance that has been influenced by Minangkabau dance styles. When they attend a cultural celebration, the men wear traditional clothes called teluk belanga, which is a black suit with a turban. The women wear a traditional blouse called betabur with a songket (gold-threaded cloth) sarong (wrap-around skirt).
Islam is the Muko-Muko's majority religion, but there is a strong animistic influence in their faith and practice. These animistic beliefs are focused on seeking protection through magic by either appeasing or controlling good and bad spirits. They are afraid of the evil spirits of mothers who die in childbirth. They also venerate large trees, stones, the sources of rivers, and ancestral tombs.

Pekal Tribe 43.000

The Pekal people live along the southwest-central shores and mountain slopes of the island of Sumatera, the fifth largest island in the world. They inhabit the Southern Muko-Muko District of the North Bengkulu region, specifically the Teramang River Basin. This region fringes the Indian Ocean on its southwest border while the Bukit Barisan Mountain range forms the northeastern border. The Pekal people are often called the Ketahun because some of them live in the district of Ketahun. The western link of the trans-Sumateran highway that connects Bengkulu to Padang now crosses the Pekal region in the area of Ipuh. The Pekal language is a branch of the Melayu (Malay) language cluster. It is the everyday language used by the Pekal people. The current form of the language has evolved from the original Melayu language with additional influence from the Minangkabau and Indonesian languages.
The majority of the Pekal work as farmers and plantation workers during the rainy season but shift to fishing in the dry season. They use traditional, home-made devices and tools in their work. They raise coffee, rice, chocolate, tobacco, tapioca, spices, peanuts and various vegetables. Others work as teachers, government officers, soldiers, construction workers, basket weavers, brick makers and traders. The women also work in the rice fields and/or process dried fish and shrimp in special traditional woven containers. The traditional market is a cultural event involving many people. Sellers from the outside only come to trade once a week.The traditional Pekal houses are long and narrow and built on stilts. They have arranged their village communities into several clans, which are found all over the South Muko-Muko District. If a newcomer arrives who wants to live among the Pekal people, he will first be asked to cook a meal for the clan among whom he lives as well as several others living nearby. He will then formally be considered a part of their family and will be treated like all other Pekal without distinction for ethnicity, religion, education, or economic status. In the Pekal culture no person has rights that are greater than anyone else. Of course, the newcomer must fulfill customary and traditional obligations by participating in his/her duties as a Pekal family member.
Almost all the Pekal profess Islam. However, they also use traditional incantations to bring rain, exorcise evil spirits and clean the village from immorality. They have a tradition of giving social and material help to each other in the community. They feel compelled to help others because of their own strong feeling of indebtedness. Even though their income is usually barely sufficient, they willingly give help to people in need, victims of natural disasters, and financial support for the building of mosques.

Rejang Tribe 737.000

The Rejang people primarily live in the province ofsumatra, tribes, bengkulu, rejang, suku Bengkulu, specifically in the Rejang Lebong Regency and a large portion of the North Bengkulu Regency. Most of the Rejang live on the cool mountain slopes of the Bukit Barisan mountain range. This area is still covered in thick jungle. The Rafflesia Flower (the world's largest flower) as well as beautiful orchids grow wild throughout this area.The Rejang have their own language, Rejang, with four dialects: Kapahyang (Rejang Ho), Selupuh (Rejang Musai), Rejang Lebong and Rejang Pesisir.
The main source of income for the Rejang is farming. Other means of income include raising livestock, logging, fishing, and working on rubber plantations. Some work in food processing plants or other factories. Others use traditional methods for mining coal, gold, silver, tin, zinc, platinum and lava. They live in stilt houses about 1.5-2 meters off the ground which have intricately carved horizontal beams, and ornamental colored panels decorating the outside. Rejang homes are made of wood with zinc roofs and usually have 3-4 rooms including a kitchen in the back. According to their custom, children are not allowed to live at home after they are married, even if their homes have plenty of rooms. The father is the head of the home and is responsible for his wife and children. His wife and children must help provide for family needs. In principle, it is forbidden for Rejang men to have more than one wife (even though they are Muslims).The Rejang village is called a marga. Each village is considered an administrative area, which is controlled by a traditional chief (ginde) who is sometimes helped by an assistant (penggao). According to Rejang custom, local government officials are also considered to be traditional leaders. In several areas, these leaders are called raja penghulu. However, another leader who is considered of even greater influence than these is the eldest man in the village. He is called the tua dusun or tuai kutai, and his role is defined as the mediator in village affairs as well as the oldest ceremonial leader.
The majority of the Rejang profess Islam. However, animism is an integral part of their daily life and beliefs. For example, a spirit called masumai is believed to be able to take the form of either tiger or a man and is the most frightening of all creatures for the Rejang.They believe strongly in the unseen world and a wide variety of different spirits with names such as semat, sebei sebeken, orang bunian, and roh padi (spirit of the rice). They use magic for a great range of purposes: to harm enemies who are far away, to make ritual oaths in secret places (including grave yards), and to practice divination at holy shrines.
rejang

Bengkulu,enggano
Serawai Tribe 316.000

The Serawai people are a Melayu (Malay) people group that resides mainly in the following districts in the South Bengkulu Regency: Seluma, Pino, Talo, and Manna. Some Serawai people also live in the provincial capital, Bengkulu, and other cities in the province. They are among the poorest indigenous groups of interior Sumatera. To change their culture and adapt to modern life is difficult for them.Usually, Serawai people also call themselves Orang Selatan (People of the South), even though there are also Kaur and Pasemah people in this southern section of the province. The name Serawai comes from the word jawai meaning "fishing," so that their name means "one who fishes" or "an angler."The Serawai people live in separated villages and use the Serawai language, which consists of the Talo and Manna dialects.
The rural Serawai people live in "platform homes" raised on stilts. The space below the house is used for storage or for keeping domesticated animals. Homes are wooden, with roofs of palm thatch (with leaves or inner-bark). The villages are generally compact groups of homes situated along the roadside or riverbanks. On the upper front of the houses there are often sun-shaped drawings symbolizing the light of God. By custom, a Serawai home may not be directly across from the house of a sibling. The ancestral lines are drawn from both sides of the family. Determining a couple's residence after marriage depends on the formal agreement (kulo) between the families of the couple. The majority of Serawai people live as rice farmers. To irrigate the rice fields, they depend on rainfall or a nearby river. Other crops grown include coffee, cloves, pepper, sugar palm, coconut, rattan, rubber trees, and gardens for fruits and vegetables. In recent times, many have migrated north to find larger fields with better irrigation. When crop failure occurs, they try farming in a different area of the province. Serawai villages that raise fish have recently experienced rapid growth. Many Serawai people also work as traders, civil servants, teachers, members of the military, construction workers, and day laborers.
Generally speaking, the Serawai people are Muslims, but their everyday life is influenced by old beliefs. They fear ma'sumai, a ferocious tiger that can assume human form, first attracting and then slaying its victims. They also perform ceremonies related to their agrarian lifestyle. Before planting, the seed is washed in the mendundang ceremony, and the newly harvested rice stalks are bound together during the nuruni ceremony. These are performed to show that the rice plants are properly respected, so that the roh (spirit) of the rice plants will not leave their fields, thus preventing future prosperous harvests. At times, the farmers offer a goat at the ancient grave sites/shrines.

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Sumatra : Banka-Billiton, Mining and Tribes

Banka-Billiton, Mining and Tribes

Golf Courses

Padang Golf Bukit Intan
Address:Bukit Giri Maya
Kel Bukit Besar I
Pangkal Pinang
Bangka - Bangka-Belitung Islands
Phone:(0717) 436 611
Fax:(0717) 432 560
Number of holes:18 Caddies:Male & female

Banka-Billiton 3 Tribes


Banka Tribe 340.000 Islam

Bangka Island. Dialects: Urban (Jakarta), North, Central, South, Lom (Belom, Mapor).
The Bangka people live on Bangka Island in the South China Sea to the east of Sumatera, specifically in Bangka Regency and Pangkal Pinang Municipality in Bangka-Belitung Province. Indonesians often visit this island because it has beautiful beaches and is easy to reach from the capital of South Sumatera (Palembang). 60% of the inhabitants of Bangka Island are Melayu (Malay) and about 25% are descendants of Chinese, who migrated to the island. The Bangka language is a branch of the Melayu language cluster.
Bangka Island is known for its large tin mining industry, which was developed during the 18th and 19th centuries. Bangka Island was influenced by the Hindu kingdoms in Indonesia. This is seen in the archaeological remains of various ancient inscriptions, which have been found there. For example, the "Kota Kapur Plaque" has been found, which dates back to 686 A.D. This island is also famous for its pepper plantations, which reached their height of prosperity in 1987. However, in the 1990's the price of pepper declined drastically and was followed by a drop in the price of tin, which seriously impacted the Bangka.The Bangka people make their living in a variety of ways. Many of the island's inhabitants are laborers in the tin mines. In addition, many are also farmers, fishermen, and boat builders. They produce many crafts, such as cane work, plaited mats, porcelain, ceramics, and carvings from tin. Many people who live around the cities have become traders and merchants; particularly those of Chinese descent. The lineage of descent is bilateral (traced through both parents). According to tradition, after marriage, the couple does not live near either set of parents. As a result, there are many mixed marriages between the Bangka and other ethnic groups that have come to the area. This outside influence can be seen in their wedding customs. The engagement is initiated by the man's family giving gifts to the bride. The engagement ceremony is typically done in a berbalas pantun (traditional singing dialogue). Islamic influence is also shown in the public wedding procession which is accompanied by tambourines and drums. Another regional art form is called the Sepintu Segudan. This Bangka drama tells the story of the community's attitude of gotong royong (mutual assistance).
The majority of the people on Bangka Island are Muslims, particularly those of Melayu descent, whereas those who are of Chinese descent follow Buddhist or Confucius beliefs. The ethnic Bangka people mix Islam and traditional animistic beliefs that still flourish among the community.

Loncong 420 Islam

East coast on both sides of the mouths of the Kampat and Inderagiri rivers, nearby islands, and coasts of Bangka and Belitung islands. Alternate names: Lonchong, Orang Laut, Seka, Sekah.

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Sumatra : Aceh, Weh, Weh Archipel, Simeuluwe...etc

Aceh, Weh, Weh Archipel, Simeuluwe, Banyal, Islands Maps
Golf, Illegal Mining, Tribes

Golf Courses

Aceh Golf Club

Aceh Golf Club d/a Class IV Hill Batupat, Lhok Seumawe Aceh 0645.268950 064.543922 A. 0049 26-02-1984 Private 18 Holes
2 Klub Golf Seulawah Lhok'Nga Banda Aceh Aceh 23353 0651.29658 0651.26136 A. 0047 01-10-1980 Private 9 Holes
3 Rencong Golf Club d/a PN. Pertamina Unit I Rantau Daerah Sumbagut Kuala Simpang Aceh 0641.31165 A. 0031 30-05-1975 Private 9 Holes

Arun Golf Club

Address Arun Golf Club
d/a Class IV Hill
Batuphat Lhouksemawe
Aceh
Telephone 62-645-653129
Fax N/A
Website N/A
Email N/A
Holes 18
Yardage 6500
Par 72
Visitors N/A
Green Fees A
Course Designer Jack Nicklaus
1978
Facilities . Club House, Locker/Shower rooms, Pro Shop, Golf Clubs/Shoes for hire, . Driving Range
. Caddies available
. Swimming Pool, Tennis Court

Klub Golf Seulawah
Adress: Lhok'Nga Banda Aceh
Tel: 0651.23353
Fax: 0651.26136
9 Holes

Rencong Golf Club
Owner: d/a PN. Pertamina Unit I
Adress: Rantau Daerah Sumbagut Kuala Simpang
Tel: 0641.31165
9 Hole

Gold Rush Lifts Spirits in Aceh

Villagers in Aceh Jaya districatjeh, aceh, illegal, illegal mining, goldt have mined gold by hand in the mountainous Gunung Ujeun for the past two weeks after hearing news that the area contained deposits of the precious metal, a district official said on Monday.

Zamzani A. Rani, the deputy chief of Aceh Jaya district, said gold had been located in the area some time ago, but local residents paid little attention until two weeks ago.

“Many of the villagers are jobless now, maybe that's why they are seeing this as an opportunity,” Zamzani said.

Aceh Jaya's district chief, Azhar Abdurrachman, told Serambi Indonesia daily on Sunday that Gunung Ujeun is a 2,500 hectare area containing abundant and easily mined deposits of nickel, gold, iron ore and potassium.

He also said he had declined three investors seeking exploration and extraction rights in the area
Aceh Province is rich in natural resources, including oil and gas.

Zamzani said up to 30 people from Panggong and Krueng Sabe, two villages in the Gunung Ujeun forest, came to look for hidden gold in the rugged tract, which sits about 30 kilometers from Calang, the district capital, on the southern coast of the province.

“They only come to collect chunks of stones and take them home, where they crush them to extract the gold,” he said.

A resident of Calang, Atailah, told Serambi Indonesia that the rocks were easily ground down to extract the valuable metal.

Zamzani said the miners would sell the gold in Meulaboh, the capital of the neighboring Aceh Barat district. The coastal town was hit hard by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. He said there had so far been no significant environmental damage due to the mining.

“We are aware of the risk of environmental damage, but we cannot just forbid the villagers to mine there,” Zamzani said.

The district administration will ensure the forest does not have special protection or conservation status before it issues any official mining permits, he said.

“We will decide the most acceptable way to handle this as we don't want to disadvantage the locals,” Zamzani said.

Nine Chinese Workers Arrested in Aceh
Aceh Police informed that arrests have been made on nine Chinese citizens in the province for illegal mining. Aceh Jaya Resort Police Chief, Hasanuddin said the nine chinese were working at an illegal gold mining site at Mount Ujeun, Krueng Sabe District and were arrested in two separate occasions.

In the first arrest two chinese workers were caught,but police did not inform on when the arrest took place. The other chinese workers were arrested on Monday based on investigation on the two workers caught earlier.

Police said they are coordinating with the immigration office in handling the case, but having language problem in questioning the workers. Police also seized the workers' passport and put them under Aceh Jaya police custody

Aceh 7 Tribes
aceh, atjeh, tribes, aneuk jamee, simeulue, alas kuet, gayo, skule,

Aceh Tribe

Most Aceh are either farmers or fishermen. The traditional Aceh home consists of a sleeping room and a large living room, which may also aceh-jkserve as the kitchen containing a rectangular clay hearth filled with ashes. These houses generally stand on stilts two meters high. Families use the space underneath the house for cattle stalls, chicken coops, or to store tools and firewood. The floors and walls are made of bamboo or wood from coconut trees. Roofs are covered with clay tiles or thatch made of palm leaves. The trend today, however, is building more modern cement homes. Traditionally, most Aceh, both men and women, wore a sarong, a modest and colorful skirt. In recent years there has been a move towards Islamic dress and now the majority of women wear a head covering with their daily dress. The traditional Aceh weapon is the rencong, an ornate sword. It is worn by the male and folded into the sarong as one of the accessories to their ceremonial dress. The women run the households. Most men have no say in matters that deal with the home or even child rearing. All of the children, even the youngest, are expected to help the family work. Inheritance occurs according to Islamic Law with the males receiving a double portion, yet houses and land are always passed down to the women.

The Aceh people are strict Sunni Muslims and have been very instrumental in spreading Islam throughout Indonesia and other parts of Southeast Asia. It is often stated that "to be Aceh is to be Muslim." The Aceh people strongly and even violently oppose other religions. The Aceh Province is the only province in Indonesia where Shari'a Islamic law has been formally instituted. However, until this day other ethnic people groups in the province have been free to worship according to their own religion. In spite of their dedication to Islam, many Aceh people are still influenced by animistic beliefs in spirits and various superstitions. These beliefs are focused upon seeking protection through magic by either appeasing or controlling both good and bad spirits.

Alas Tribe 154.000
The majority of the sumatra, tribes, alas, acehAlas people live in villages and make their living from farming and raising livestock. The Alas area is considered the lumbung padi (rice storehouse) of the Aceh area. Other agricultural products include rubber, coffee, and kemiri (a local spice) as well as other forest products such as wood, rattan, resin, and incense.Neighborhoods or villages of the Alas are called kute. One kute usually consists of one or more clans that are called a merge. Extended families will live in one house and submit to the authority of the parents. They are a patrilineal society, which means they measure descent through the father's family. Their culture emphasizes two types of law. The first type consists of religious laws that are given by God and cannot be changed. The second type consists of traditional laws, which include rules that have been made by the leaders of the community and can be changed according to the times.According to marriage customs, an engagement lasts from one to three years due to the necessity of the man acquiring the bride price, and the woman the groom price. When an Alas man and woman marry, they live near the husband's family. After they have children, the young family will usually move and live separately (jawe) from the parents but stay in the same area and community of the merge. Polygamous marriages are permitted when the marriage has produced only boys, only girls, or no children at all (adak meu keu dueu).
Generally, the Alas people are followers of Islam, but they still seek the assistance of a dukun (shaman/healer/occultist). They perform ceremonies so that their crops will prosper and be protected from plague. The dukun reads his mantra and uses magical potions of leaves and flowers that are considered powerful to ward off plagues.

Aneuk Jamee Tribe 16.000

The Aneuk Jamee people are one of the people groups that live on the western coastline of the Indonesian province of Aceh. They tend to live around the small bays found along the coast. They are also spread out over the low plains hemmed in by the Bukit Barisan mountain range. The Aneuk Jamee are located primarily in West Aceh Regency in the five districts of Tapak Tuan, Samadua, Susoh, Manggeng, and Labuhan Haji. There are smaller concentrations of them in South Aceh Regency in the three districts of Johan Pahlawan, Kaway XVI, and Kuala.The name aneuk jamee in the Aceh language means, "visiting child" or "newcomer." The name was used to describe Minang people from Lubuk Sikaping, Pariaman, Rao, and Pasaman who began migrating to the area in the 17th century. Gradually, they assimilated with Aceh people in the area, a process facilitated by a common Islamic faith. Eventually, they came to feel that they were neither Aceh nor Minangkabau but rather a new people group with their own distinct culture and language. The Aneuk Jamee language is called Jamee or Jamu. For the Aceh in southern Aceh, this Jamee language is understandable because the Minangkabau vocabulary mixed with Aceh is similar to the national Indonesian language. However, the Aneuk Jamee do not understand or use the Aceh language.
Many Aneuk Jamee are fishermen, while others work in irrigated rice farming (basawah), unirrigated agriculture (baladang), and growing fruits (bakabun). There are some Aneuk Jamee who are permanent traders (baniago), but others, known as penggaleh, sell goods from village to village.The Aneuk Jamee have three levels of society. The nobles (datuk) form the highest level. The middle level is formed by district chiefs (hulu baling) and religious leaders (ulama), such as the prayer leaders (tengku), priests (imam), and Islamic judges (kadi). The common people are the lowest level. Traditional leadership in a village contains a combination of Minangkabau and Aceh elements. These leaders are the village headman (kecik), prayer-house leader (tuangku manasah), and youth leader (tuangku surau). This is somewhat different from the district level leadership, which is the same as traditional Aceh leadership patterns. This pattern consists of an area headman (mukim), village headman (kecik), street leader (ketua jurong) and elder (tuha peut).


Islam is the religion followed by the Aneuk Jamee people. As among other Indonesian peoples, the Aneuk Jamee also exhibit some elements of previous beliefs that are not easily forgotten. The services of a dukun (shaman/healer/occultist) are still frequently used for various things. For example, a dukun is sometimes asked to put a love spell (sijundai) on a girl or to recover a girl who has been bewitched in this manner.

Gayo Tribe 230.000

The Gayo of Indonesia live in the remote central hsumatra, tribes, gayo, aceh, sukuighlands of Aceh Province on the island of Sumatera. Their homeland lies across the Bukit Barisan Range ("Parade of Mountains"), which reaches heights of over 12,000 feet and runs for over a thousand miles. The Gayo mainly live in Central Aceh Regency and Southeast Aceh Regency. Their language is Gayo with two dialects, Gayo Lut and Gayo Luwes. The Gayo do not have a written language. Folk tales and oral stories are passed down in the form of poetry.The Gayo are close neighbors to the radical Islamic Aceh people, and in the past, the sultans of Aceh conquered the Gayo region and made the Gayo slaves. After an initial resistance (during which many Gayo were killed), the Dutch occupation from 1904-1942 resulted in the Gayo developing a thriving cash crop economy in vegetables and coffee. During the occupation and during the 50 years of Indonesian independence, the Gayo have gained access to higher levels of education, and participated to some degree in the Islamicization and modernization of their country.
The main source of income for the Gayo people is farming with the main crop being coffee. Other sources of income are fishing and gathering forest products. They also have developed skills in ceramics, weaving mats and weaving cloth. Another well known handicraft, called Kerawang Gayo, is embroidery with gold/colorful designs. In a traditional Gayo house (umah) uses palm thatch and wood. Several related families typically live together. There is also a meresah where older boys, bachelors, widowers, and male visitors sleep. This is also used for studying and religious activities. Gayo arts include saman and didong, which are mixtures of movement, literature, poetry, and singing. Apart from entertainment and recreation, these arts have ritual, educational, and informational functions, as well as being a means of maintaining balance sumatra, tribes, gayo, aceh, sukuin the social structure. The Gayo marriage pattern calls for marriage outside one's own family. However, marriage between cousins is not forbidden. Most men marry women from the same area. This is done so that the man will already know the woman and the woman's family can continue to look after her. A first marriage must be approved by both families (polygamy is rare, but allowed). Divorce and remarriage are quite common.

The Gayo people are mostly Muslim, but their understanding and conviction are lacking. Most Gayo still believe in good and bad spirits and holy men both dead and alive. They also continue to worship and make offerings to spirits, saints, and their ancestors.

Gayo tribe is a tribe that inhabited the highlands in the province of Aceh. Gayo tribe inhabiting the three districts of Central Aceh District, Gaoh-mnDistrict Bener Meriah and Gayo Lues Regency. Gayo tribe also inhabits a number of villages in East Aceh district, Aceh Tamiang, District Beutong Nagan Raya District and the District Rumble So in East Aceh district.
Gayo tribe known Muslim and devout in their religion. Tribe uses a language called Gayo language Gayo.Confidence Gayo tribe of Muslims, but there are believed to practice witchcraft.

Livelihood
The main livelihood is farming and gardening with coffee the main results. They also developed the crafts made of ceramics, weaving, and weaving. Another craft that enough attention is made needlepoint filigree craft Gayo, with a distinctive motif.
Kingdom of Linga
Kingdom of Linga or Linge (the Gayo language) on the ground Gayo, according to M. Junus Djamil in his book "White Elephant" published by the Institute of Culture in 1959 Atjeh, Kutaradja, said that around the 11th century (Penahunan this may be very relative, because the kingdom Lamuri have existed before this century, penahunan more precise is the century to 2-9 M), the Kingdom of Linga established by the Batak people Gayo in the era of Sultan Mahmud Shah Machudum Johan Sovereign of the Kingdom Perlak. This information is known from the testimony of King and his son King Uyem Ranta, King of CIK Bebesan and Zainuddin, from the kings Kejurun Hill both of which had dominion as king in the Dutch colonial era.
Linga Raja I, which became a direct descendant of Batak, is mentioned to have 6 children. The oldest a woman named professor or Datu Beru Beru, others sebayak Linga, Linga Meurah Johan and Meurah, Meurah Silu and Meurah Mege.


Sebayak Linga then migrated to the land of his ancestors precisely in the Karo Batak and open country where he was known as the King of Linga Sibayak. Meurah Johan wanders into Aceh Besar and establish his kingdom named Lamkrak or Oeii Lam, known as Lamoeri and Lamuri or Lamuri or Lambri Sultanate. This means above Lamuri sultanate was founded by Johan Meurah Meurah Linga while living in Linge, Gayo, who later became king down termurun Linge. Meurah Silu Pasai migrate to the area and became an employee of the Sultanate Power in Pasai. The Sultanate is a Shiite-led empire of the Persians and Arabs.
Meurah Mege himself buried on the slope Keramil Wihni Rayang Paluh Linge area. Until now still preserved and respected by the population.
The cause of migration is unknown. However, according to the Linga history is told that the King is more fond of his youngest Meurah Mege. Thus making the other children who prefer to wander.

DYNASTY LINGGA
1. Adi Genali Linga Raja I in GayoKing sebayak Linga in Tanah Karo. Become King of KaroMeurah King Johan (founder of Sultanate Lamuri)Meurah Silu (founder of the Sultanate of Pasai Ocean), and
2. King Linga Linga II, aka Angry at Gayo 3. Linga Raja III-XII in Gayo 4. XIII Linga Raja Amir al-Harb into the Sultanate of Aceh, in 1533 formed a new kingdom of Johor in Malaysia, led by Sultan Alauddin Shah Mansyur. King Linga XIII appointed a new cabinet in the kingdom. His descendants founded the Sultanate of linga in the Riau archipelago, the island of Linga, whose sovereignty includes Riau (Indonesia), Temasek (Singapore) and a little area of ​​Malaysia.
Kings of the Linga sebayak Karo undocumented. In the era of Dutch re-appointed kings but only two eras 1. King Joints Sibayak Linga. (Optional Netherlands) 2. King Kalilong Sibayak Linga
Alas Kuet Tribe 20.000
The Kluet people are one of eight people groups that live in the Indonesian special province of Aceh. They are found in two districts of South Aceh Regency, namely North Kluet District and South Kluet District. These two districts are divided by the Krueng Kluet River, which has its source in the Leuser Mountains and empties into the Indian Ocean. The area where the Kluet people live is remote, about 20 kilometers from the main road, 50 kilometers from the city of Tapak Tuan and 500 kilometers from Banda Aceh, the provincial capital.The Kluet language is divided into 3 dialects, the Paya Dapur dialect, the Meunggamat dialect, and the Krueng Kluet dialect. Apparently the language has evolved from a combination of the Alas, Kuo, Aceh, and Minangkabau languages.
The Kluet area is very fertile, and most Kluet make their living from farming irrigated and unirrigated rice fields or growing crops such as coffee, patchouli (which produces fragrant oils), and all sorts of vegetables. Other means for livelihood include raising livestock and fishing. Fish are either eaten fresh or preserved for storage. One way of preserving the fish is by smoking it. This type of preserved or dried fish, called ikan saleh, is a specialty of the Kluet people.The Kluet people are famous for hunting, since they live at the edge of the jungle. During the time of Dutch colonialism, this people group was often noted for their skill on the battlefield. Their skill as hunters made them able fighters. They often employed guerrilla tactics to fight their enemies.The Kluet prefer to live in groups and only in certain areas. They have a strong sense of ethnic identity, and, therefore, they do not spread out very far from each other. They find it difficult to mix with other people groups, and as a result, their culture is rather closed to outsiders. Kluet villages are comprised of houses and a number of other buildings, including rice barns, a meeting center, women's centers, religious schools, and mosques. The meeting center, called a meursah has a variety of purposes. It is used as a place to read the Qur'an (Islamic Holy Book), say daily prayers, hold special Islamic celebrations, as well as a place to meet or for young men to sleep if there is no religious school in the village. The women's center, or deyah, is a place where women may go to worship.
Most Kluet are followers of Islam. However, traditional animistic beliefs have not totally disappeared and often have significant impact. This can be seen in routines of daily life, especially in various special ceremonies. Many are afraid of supernatural ghosts (setan). They also believe one of the graves in their area has magic powers. According to the Kluet, this grave can be seen at certain times while at other times it disappears. Magic talismans are used so that evil spirits will not hurt them. The use of such talismans helps them feel calmer and more protected.
Sikule 27.000 Christian
Central Simeulue Island. Alternate names: Sichule, Sikhule, Wali Banuah. Dialects: Lekon, Tapah. Similar to Nias [nia].

Simeulue Tribe 107.000
The Simeulue people live on Simeulue Island located 200 kilometers off the western coast of Aceh Province. Their largest towns are named Sibigo, Sigulai, and Lamame. On Simeulue Island there is no land transport available and the only means of travel is walking.Simeulue people are known as being friendly and brave. Their physical appearance is sometimes described as being more similar to northern Asian peoples because they are often of lighter skin than other Indonesians. This is different from the general appearance of the Aceh people on the mainland. The Simeulue speak Ulau, which means "island," and it has two dialects. Sigulai is used in western Simeulue and Salang, and Devayan is used in eastern Simeulue, central Simeulue, and southern Tepang. In general the Simeulue can speak the Aceh language because of the strong influence of Aceh culture on the Simeulue.
Generally, the Simeulue make a living from planting cloves and coconuts as well as fishing. Each village usually has one mesjid (mosque) or musholla (prayer-house). Beside using it for prayer, the mesjid is also used for discussing religious issues, holding social functions, providing information from the government, and encouraging the community to work together on community projects. The village head in Simeulue is called a kecik. Previously, the Simeulue were ruled by a king before they were conquered by the king of Aceh and became part of that kingdom. The Simeulue house is built on stilts. Typically, the parents live in a large house with their unmarried children and the families of their sons. This group is called walli or walli akrab. Heredity is patrilineal (tracing descent from the father).Living arrangements after marriage are of three types. In the first pattern, the couple lives near the husband's family. The second pattern is called paladangan sataun duo in the Devayan dialect or beladang sataun duo in the Sigulai dialect. In this pattern, the couple lives for a few years with the wife's family and the husband must help his in-laws. After this, they live with the husband's family for the rest of their lives. In the third pattern, which is called mafanofano, the couple always lives with the wife's family and the husband must help his in-laws. This usually happens because the wife is an only child.
Although most Simeulue embrace Islam, many are still influenced by animistic beliefs and various superstitions. These beliefs are focused upon seeking protection through magic by either appeasing or controlling both good and bad spirits

Tamiang Tribe 6.800
The Tamiang live in the southeasumatra, tribes, tamiang, aceh, sukust part of East Aceh Regency, in the Aceh Province. Previously this area was the Tamiang administrative district with a very large area of 7,760 square kilometers. Now the district has been divided into six districts, Kuala Simpang, Bendahara, Karangbaru, Seuruway, Kejuruanmuda, and Tamiang Hulu. One legend states that the name Tamiang comes from the words itam and mieng. Itam means "black" and mieng means "cheek." This appellation supposedly arose because a king of Tamiang named Raja Muda Sedia (1332-1362) had a black mark on his cheek. Another story says that the name Tamiang comes from the name of an island in the Riau Archipelago, which was the original dwelling place of the Tamiang people's ancestors. The Tamiang people have their own language with an 87% vocabulary similarity to the Melayu (Malay) Riau language.
The main source of income for Tamiang people is planting rice in both irrigated and unirrigated fields. Other crops which they plant are corn, cassava, tomatoes, chili peppers, and eggplant. They also grow fruits such as oranges, mangoes, durian, and langsat. Those who live on the coast fish and make coal from mangrove trees. Some become plantation workers and traders. The Tamiang rarely leave their area because their agricultural land is extensive and fertile enough to support them. At the beginning of the twentieth century, this area received many migrants from other areas because of the opening of rubber and palm oil plantations and oil wells.The Tamiang people are controlled by the "Law of the Four Peoples." This means that the highest traditional leader is the "Datuk of the Four Peoples." The word datuk comes from the word ndatu, which signifies the first person to open a settlement (rebas tebang). Those who came later were placed below the existing Datuk. In the ensuing process, the four Datuks united their areas and chose a king (raje) as leader. This decision was established and sealed with an agreement called Kate Tetuhe. The four datuks were titled Datuk Imam Balai, Datuk Penghulu, Datuk Hakim, and Datuk Setia Maha Raja. For the king there was a proverb: "raje adil raje disembah, raje lalin raje disangah" (A fair king will be worshipped, a cruel king will be dethroned). In upholding that role, Tamiang leaders hold onto a vow that states "kasih papa setia mati" (a father's love is faithful to death). Traditional law was effectively carried out with the philosophy "adat dipangku, syarat dijunjung, resam dijalin, kanun diatur" (traditional law is administered but religious law is respected customary ways are formed but canon law is organized).
Tamiang people are followers of Islam, which has penetrated various aspects of their lives. However, many still carry out the ceremonies of their old beliefs. They hold certain ceremonies connected with their everyday lives, such as ceremonies held for blessing the planting of the rice (kenduri blang), the harvesting of the rice, and ceremonies to protect them for disasters (tula bala).

Proposed World Heritage

Gunongan Historical Park Sumatra Aceh

nature reserve, proposed world heritage, gunongan
Date of Submission: 19/10/1995
Criteria:
Category: Cultural
Submission prepared by:
Directorate General for Culture
Coordinates:
Aceh Special Region
Ref.: 300

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